Something similar applies to profit margins as well: the latter move rather homogeneously across products but differently across destinations. This suggests that export price changes are mainly determined by source and destination market characteristics. On the other hand, the hypothesis of an homogeneous behavior across destination countries (even for the same products) is strongly rejected. in determining PTM finds little support in our result, which find almost no regularity across products. The standard claim that product specific characteristics play a major role. Our results suggest that pricing-to-market (PTM) is not widespread among French and German exporters, whereas Italian one do adopt more often such a pricing strategy. The paper compares the export price strategies of France, Germany and Italy using a large and common pool of manufacturing products and destination markets. The book is based on detailed studies of the language used in football match reports and related articles appearing in a representative sample of quality daily newspapers including "The Times", "Le Monde", "Suddeutsche Zeitung" and "El Pais". countries? Are there differences in the reconstruction of the traditional image of the Germans being efficient and technically competent? Similarly, the perpetuation of diverse regional identities within the nations in question is also explored: how is the existence of regional movements in Spain, for example, portrayed by football writing in that country? Finally, group identities such as those of black players (in England) or women (in France) are analysed with a view to understanding how football writing reconstructs traditional images of such groups. Notions of the respective national stereotypes are explored in each of the countries studied: for instance, is the stereotype of the French as a nation producing stylish, elegant football teams reflected in all European. "This book examines the construction of national, regional, and group identities in the football journalism of five European countries: England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. However, readiness to adopt adaptation measures isĬorrelated with the degree of changes already planned, independent of climatic change. Of the Italian and French growers said they would consider such changes. Majority of German growers said they would consider changing varieties to adapt to warming temperatures, while only a minority Plans for adaptation by a change of wine varieties were reported with substantially different results among the regions. Thus, the transfer of technical knowledge from scientific research to practice is necessary for adaptation. Perceived climatic change and its noticeable impacts has led to growing interest in adaptation options, combined with a need for more information,Īmong winegrowers. A strong majority of this group (80%) also reported increasing threats. Perceived impacts on pests and diseases were reported in 56% of the responses. Wine quality, which was perceived as quality improvement in 55% of the cases. The majority of respondents (66%) indicated an impact on The winegrowers noted impacts on harvestable quantities (mainly in Italy), must quality, and risks of pests and diseases. The characterization of these changes is consistent with results obtained by the analysis of long-term trends in climatic records. climatic conditions in the last few decades. The majority of winegrowers perceived changing. These countries are located in three macro-climatic regions that experienced different patterns of climatic change in the twentieth century-Atlantic, transition to Continental and Mediterranean. A questionnaire on the perception of climate change and the impact of climate change was distributed among winegrowers in France, Germany, and Italy.
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